International express/air/sea freight knowledge gathering

International express/air/sea freight knowledge gathering

1. The difference between international air freight and international express delivery:

① The transportation entities of international air freight are major airlines, such as Air China, Shenzhen Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways, Malaysia Airlines, Northwest Airlines, etc., all of which are major players. However, we mainly deal with international freight forwarders on a regular basis. The transportation entities of international express delivery are major express delivery companies, such as DHL, UPS, TNT, EMS, OCS, AAE, DPEX, FedEx, etc. They are all giants, but we mainly deal with international freight forwarders in our daily lives.

② International air freight can generally only be delivered to the airport, while international express delivery is usually door-to-door.

③ International air freight generally requires export inspection (some goods do not require inspection), while international express delivery does not require export inspection. For example, international air freight from Guangzhou requires a commodity inspection fee of 600 yuan and a customs clearance fee of 300 yuan for toys. If shipped from Hong Kong, there is no need for inspection and customs clearance fees, but the shipping cost will be slightly higher.

④ The transportation time of international air freight and international express delivery is about a few days. Some places use international air freight for faster delivery, while others use international express delivery for faster delivery. For example, to Tokyo, Japan, using international air freight should be the fastest, and now it has been invented. The speed of time is mainly related to the following three factors: (1) How efficient and powerful is the transportation company? (2) What is the schedule for airport flights? (3) What is the customs clearance speed at the destination?

⑤ International air freight is calculated by taking the larger of the volume weight and actual weight to calculate the cost (note: Volume weight is calculated based on the formula of length * width * height ÷ 6000, where length, width, and height are all measured in centimeters. Large volume goods are called cargo disposal, also known as bubble cargo). Similar to (nano pillow), the actual weight is only 5 kilograms, but the volume weight actually reaches 28 kilograms. It is very uneconomical to ship by international air freight.

The four major international express delivery companies in international express delivery - DHL, UPS, TNT, and FedEx - calculate shipping costs in the same way as international air freight, where the larger one is the volume weight and actual weight. Only EMS international express delivery is charged by weight (regardless of volume).

2. Charging standards for international air freight:

Generally, for example, if you go to the UK, the fee standard for a few tens of kilograms or less is locked at around 33 yuan/kilogram. If the quantity is large, some companies will only be a little cheaper, while others can be much cheaper. Below is a list of charging standards for a certain company for your reference:

Taking LON/FRA and other basic ports in Europe as an example:

35 yuan per kilogram above 45 kilograms;

Above 100 kilograms, 23 yuan per kilogram;

Above 300 kilograms, 22 yuan per kilogram;

20.5 yuan per kilogram above 500 kilograms;

19.5 yuan per kilogram above 1000 kilograms.

3. The importance and corresponding differences between commercial invoices and formal invoices:

① Both types of invoices are explanatory documents, which are different in nature and format from domestic accounting invoices. Imported and exported goods need to be inspected by national customs, and the basic basis for inspection is the commercial invoice or formal invoice provided by the seller. In fact, these two types of invoices are essentially a declaration explanatory document, which can be used by customs or commodity inspection departments as the basis for inspection, without the need for unpacking inspection, So providing commercial or formal invoices helps with customs clearance, and domestic accounting invoices are a unique feature of China and the basis for domestic sales; In addition, there are differences in format. Commercial and formal invoices are self-made, while domestic accounting invoices are printed uniformly.

② There are also differences between commercial invoices and formal invoices as declaration documents for import and export. Commercial invoices are mainly used for declaration documents for large international trade, while formal invoices are understood as only formal declaration documents, specifically for online transactions and gifts, samples, etc. between small businesses, especially private individuals.

③ It should be noted that many customers, especially online sellers, do not have the habit of attaching a formal invoice when mailing items. It is true that in many cases, customs clearance can be achieved without attaching a formal invoice. However, according to customs requirements of different countries, attaching a formal invoice is a basic requirement for sending emails. The standards of customs in different countries may vary, but it can to some extent affect the customs clearance of emails. Actual situation: Many large online sellers operate in a standardized manner, and their email delivery is normal with few issues. Therefore, it is recommended that everyone attach a formal invoice (placed outside the email packaging, can be placed together with the waybill, or can be sealed with a small letter to indicate INVOICE and pasted on the email packaging) to the item type email.

④ Here is a list of countries that require commercial invoices and which countries require original invoices:

1) Countries that require commercial invoices for entry:

South Africa;

Brazil (CNPJ&CPF number) (and tax number required);

Mexico;

Poland;

Crezh Czech Republic;

Afghanistan;

Venezuela;

Gibraltar;

Chile;

New Chilean Customs Regulations:

① All samples imported to Chile must indicate the value-added tax number (vat number) on the waybill and commercial invoice, which is mandatory by the country;

② The amount limit for imported goods has been expanded from $500 to $1000.

Kuwait;

Russia;

Bulgaria (requires 5 or more original invoices);

Ukraine (requires at least 3 original copies);

Andorra Andorra (if the goods have already been cleared and need to be cleared again, a commercial invoice needs to be provided);

Canary Islands;

Panama (commercial invoice required for personal items);

Uruguay (no less than two original commercial invoices).

2) Countries that require original invoices (original invoices, original invoices can mean formal or commercial invoices, but export invoices that must be stamped with a red seal):

Türkiye (more than 5 original invoices are required);

Mauritius;

Albania.

The main characteristics of international sea freight are low cost, long duration, and suitability for large volume shipments.

4. There are two types of international sea transportation:

① Sea freight container (CY): One shipment per container or multiple containers per shipment.

② Sea freight consolidation (CFS): Three or more shipments are consolidated into one container.

5. There are several types of containers:

The following four types of cabinets are mainly used, while others include less commonly used 45 foot cabinets, stool cabinets, open top cabinets, refrigerated cabinets, etc.

① 20 feet:

The size is 6 * 2.2 * 2.3, with a theoretical capacity of 30 cubic meters and an actual capacity of 25-27 CBM and 18-23 tons.

② 20 foot weight:

The size is 6 * 2.2 * 2.3, with a theoretical capacity of 30 cubic meters, an actual capacity of 25-27 CBM, and a capacity of 25-28 tons.

③ 40 feet:

The size is 12 * 2.2 * 2.3, with a theoretical capacity of 60 cubic meters, an actual capacity of 55-57 CBM, and a capacity of 18-23 tons.

④ 40 feet higher:

The size is 12 * 2.2 * 2.8, with a theoretical capacity of 73 cubic meters and an actual capacity of 68-70 CBM, weighing 18-23 tons.

6. The cost of international sea freight (citing a relatively inexpensive company as an example):

① One ticket, one container or several containers: The price of a 20 foot container to the West Coast of the United States and Western Europe is around $1300 and $1150, respectively. The price may vary depending on the place of exit and the type of goods. For example, shipping from Shenzhen would be $100 to $200 cheaper per container than shipping from Guangzhou. For example, furniture can be $100 to $200 cheaper per cabinet than clothing.

② A few tickets per container, also known as LCL: charged at $15 per cubic meter (if there are more than 10 cubic meters, it can be reduced to $10 per cubic meter), while other companies charge $25 per cubic meter, some charge $40 per cubic meter, and even $50 per cubic meter. In addition to shipping costs, there is also a customs declaration fee of 300 yuan, a commodity inspection fee of several hundred yuan (depending on the type of goods), a bill of lading fee of over a hundred yuan, and other different fees that may add up to around 1000 yuan.

7. Timeliness of international sea transportation:

The timeliness of international sea transportation is determined by factors such as destination, shipping schedule, etc. See the following example:

① If you go to Los Angeles, USA (LA)

If the ship departs on Thursday and ends on Saturday, it will arrive in 14 days; If the ship departs on Friday and Sunday, it will arrive in 11 days. And it is also a city in the United States, and the ship departs on Friday and Sunday. It takes 15 days to arrive in Oakland (OAK).

② As in Naples, Italy

If the ship departs on Monday and Tuesday in Hong Kong, it will arrive in 18 days; If it is a ship departing from Hong Kong on Friday and Sunday, it will arrive in 21 days. And it is also a European city, and the ship departs on Friday and Sunday. It takes 25 days to arrive in Barcelona, Spain.

Remarks:

1. The above prices are only applicable to general goods and are not applicable to special goods such as dangerous, fresh, or high value goods;

2. The above prices do not include fuel cost: 2 yuan/kg, war insurance: 1 yuan/kg, ground cost: 0.3 yuan/kg;

3. The above prices do not include agency customs clearance fee of 300 yuan, bill of lading fee of 50 yuan, and warehousing handling fee of 0.1 yuan/kg.

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